1873 – A group of Modoc warriors defeats the United States Army in the First Battle of the Stronghold, part of the Modoc War.1852 – The United Kingdom signs the Sand River Convention with the South African Republic.1811 – Mexican War of Independence: In the Battle of Calderón Bridge, a heavily outnumbered Spanish force of 6,000 troops defeats nearly 100,000 Mexican revolutionaries.1799 – Maltese patriot Dun Mikiel Xerri, along with a number of other patriots, is executed.1781 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cowpens: Continental troops under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan defeat British forces under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton at the battle in South Carolina.1773 – Captain James Cook leads the first expedition to sail south of the Antarctic Circle.The coalition was then decisively defeated during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. 1649 – The Second Ormonde Peace creates an alliance between the Irish Royalists and Confederates during the War of the Three Kingdoms.1648 – England's Long Parliament passes the " Vote of No Addresses", breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.1608 – Emperor Susenyos I of Ethiopia surprises an Oromo army at Ebenat his army reportedly kills 12,000 Oromo at the cost of 400 of his men.1595 – During the French Wars of Religion, Henry IV of France declares war on Spain.1562 – France grants religious toleration to the Huguenots in the Edict of Saint-Germain. 1524 – Giovanni da Verrazzano sets sail westward from Madeira to find a sea route to the Pacific Ocean.1377 – Pope Gregory XI reaches Rome, after deciding to move the Papacy back to Rome from Avignon.1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on the shores of the North Sea.38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar 348 days remain until the end of the year (349 in leap years).
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